Blogger4.Economic globalization and cultural globalization

 

Analysis of Cultural Globalization:

One. Cultural globalization should be a process of reserving differences.

Some people have a fear of the process of globalization, believing that cultural globalization is like an invasion of their own national civilization by the strong power of the West with foreign guns and cannons. Actually, this is a misconception. First of all, the concept of cultural "globalization" is not "integration", or "uniformity". According to my superficial understanding, cultural globalization is not about eliminating all kinds of heterogeneous and diverse cultures, nor is it about establishing a single "global culture" that is the same as the whole world, but cultural globalization is first and foremost about the modernization of the mode of thinking. In the process of mutual contact and exchange, in various heterogeneous and different multiculturalism, various national cultures are looking for common universal correlations, and certain patterns of behavior are gradually converging, so as to establish a culture with universal relevance, which is not the result of external imposition. This is the "globalization of culture".

 

Two. The globalization of culture is based on the homogenization of culture.

The main body of culture is human beings as a whole, and in the face of increasingly serious global problems such as ecology, environment, resources, population, drugs, and AIDS, people realize that the carrier is by no means an isolated country, but the entire human society. It is impossible to solve these problems by countries alone, and it is related to the common interests of mankind and thus requires the recognition and action of the whole. As a result, global consciousness and global concept came into being, and this new concept and new consciousness that embodies the common will of mankind undoubtedly reflects the homogeneity of culture. These new ideas and consciousnesses of homogeneity are either rooted in the wave of globalization and networking, or are objectively driven by global issues, or are themselves products of the process of modernization. In short, these problems and phenomena are global, arousing the attention and resonance of various nations and countries, thus further strengthening the homogeneity of culture.

 

Three. Globalization has brought about the crisis of national culture, but also brought about the opportunity of national culture; We should not simply dismiss the conflict needed for the development of a weak culture as an invasion of the culture of a strong culture into its own culture.

It is incorrect to understand globalization as "Westernization" and "Americanization". At a time when American culture is in a strong position around the world, we should face up to this reality. In the process of "globalization," we must be vigilant against and resist the United States and some other Western countries taking advantage of their strong forces to promote "cultural hegemony," but there is no need to want to close ourselves off under the banner of "nationalization" as we did in the 60s and 70s just because we are vigilant against and resist Western hegemonism. It is worth noting that if "nationalization" is combined with too narrow nationalism, or even flaunting the banner of "patriotism," it will inevitably hinder the integration of national culture with the advanced culture of the world, lead to the stagnation of national development, and even bring about the aggravation of contradictions and conflicts inside and outside the nation. In the long run, globalization will help to accelerate this balance of strength and weakness in a non-war situation

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Four. The globalization of culture is a high degree of interaction between cultures.

Cultural interaction means, first and foremost, that different cultures are "subjective to each other" and that they achieve "equality of discourse rights" in line with the rationality of communication, as Habermas points out. Different cultures transcend the fundamental values of their traditions and ways of life, respect each other as equal dialogue partners, and work together to address and find solutions to major issues related to the future of humanity and the world in a harmonious and friendly relationship, dispel misunderstandings and stereotypes. Roland Robertson believes that the generation, development and change of contemporary culture are carried out in a "global field", and the development of information technology and the global flow of capital have strengthened the function of the "global field". The global interaction of different cultures requires us to pay attention to the mutual influence of different cultures in the global field, and the culture of our own nation is recognized and accepted by other peoples, but more is the self-promotion and identification of different cultures, in other words, the purpose of this influence is to pursue the uniqueness of culture. The globalization of culture refers to "the search for something special, a superficially and increasingly refined way of displaying identity, with a global universality".

 

Five. The globalization of culture is a dynamic process, which is different from "global culture" or cultural globalization.

The dynamic process of cultural globalization refers to the fact that cultural globalization will present different stages of development. The three characteristics of economic globalization, namely, the cosmopolitan nature of the development of productive forces and science and technology, the cosmopolitan nature of the allocation of social resources, and the cosmopolitan nature of the expansion of the capitalist mode of production, determine that the process of "economic globalization" is intertwined with the fact that capital forcibly breaks the boundaries between nations and countries, so that most of the relatively backward nations and countries in the world are directly or indirectly subordinate to a small number of developed countries, so that "cultural globalization" presents a complex situation, and "cultural colonialism" and "cultural conservatism" are often mixed with it. This paper argues that cultural globalization has to go through three stages, that is, from the beginning of the industrial revolution to the present, and even for a long period thereafter, which is the development stage of cultural globalization with cultural colonial color; With the general decline of capitalism, the cultures of various peoples are able to communicate under more "normal" conditions; With the higher development of society, the cultural globalization development stage of various ethnic cultures on the basis of complete equality and long-term integration.

 

Analysis of Political Globalization:

Many scholars believe that based on the development of contemporary "economic globalization," along with the increasing expansion and deepening of the scope of political exchanges between various countries, there has been a trend of international politics and domestic politics infiltrating each other, and international organizations and international coordination forces playing an increasingly important role, and the political life of various countries has also encountered more and more correlations, and there is no clear definition of political globalization

Economic globalization refers to the global organic economic whole formed by world economic activities beyond national boundaries through foreign trade, capital flows, technology transfer, service provision, interdependence, and interconnection.

Political globalization is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, politics moves from one country to the world, domestic politics is closely linked with international politics, and domestic politics sometimes has to be subordinated to international politics; Second, politics is moving toward globalization, and another corresponding result is political multipolarization

Political globalization, also known as global political integration, refers to the fact that political rights and political activities cross national boundaries, such as terrorist activities, and require countries to strengthen the prevention of terrorist activities. Under the era of political globalization, disputes and conflicts between countries are inevitable, and sometimes they are more likely to be resolved by force, such as the US military operation in Afghanistan. Therefore, in the context of political globalization, it is all the more important to communicate and dialogue with each other through international organizations and non-governmental organizations.

Traditionally, political activity has been more confined to national borders than economic activity, but politics has also changed radically under the influence of globalization. In the past few decades, globalization has developed rapidly, and countries have increasingly needed to deal with transnational issues and global issues. In the face of global issues, a single or a small number of countries lack sufficient capacity to deal with them. On the one hand, because many enterprises and associations have the ability to plan and organize activities on a global basis, the ability of individual governments to regulate local enterprises and associations is relatively weakened. On the other hand, due to the increase in international activities, international politics has become an important platform for political activities, so countries are increasingly inclined to deal with various global issues in a cooperative manner.

 

In addition, the fact that countries are bound by international institutions and norms is also a phenomenon under political globalization. In order to respond to global problems or based on regional security considerations, governments will establish or participate in international organizations to jointly formulate policies. In view of the increase in international activities and the close exchanges between countries, individual countries may be influenced by international organizations in formulating their domestic policies. From time to time, international organizations, such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization, are involved in the policymaking of individual countries. For example, in the 1980s, a number of South American and African countries were constrained by the conditional lending policies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and implemented a series of government reforms and market opening measures. International conventions are also another important development in the globalization of political norms, such as environmental protection, human rights, and war crimes, which impose certain constraints on governments.