Blogger3.Analysis of Hofsted's Variable Theory

 From 1967 to 1973, Gilt Hofsted conducted a large-scale survey of cultural values at IBM, a well-known multinational company.His team conducted two surveys of IBM employees from around the world, distributing 116,000 surveys and retrieving answers in 72 countries in more than 20 different languages.The survey and analysis focused on country-specific differences in the values of employees across countries.

In 1980, Hofsted published a cross-border comparison of values, behavior, institutions and organizations, and then adopted the supplementation of his theory, summarizing the six dimensions of measuring values:

Today we will analyze China and South Korea.

Power distance refers to the acceptance by people of low status in a society of unequal distribution of power in society or organization.There is a big difference in this dimension between countries due to their different understandings of power.People in Europe and the United States do not value power very much. They value individual competence more.Asian countries, on the other hand, attach importance to the binding force of power because of institutional

In China, people are free to express their opinions, but the final decision must be made by the powerful, and they will be quickly restrained from speaking and behaving against them.However, South Korea is a little freer than China, where chaebols have more say, and demonstrations in South Korea are allowed, which can be said to be more democratic than China.

Avoiding uncertainty refers to whether a society can avoid and control uncertainty through formal channels when it is threatened by uncertain events and unconventional environment.A culture with a high degree of avoidance attaches more importance to authority, status, seniority, age, etc., and tries to avoid such situations by providing greater occupational safety, establishing more formal rules, and not tolerating extreme views and behaviors.Culture with a low degree of avoidance is more tolerant of abnormal behavior and opinions, less rules and regulations, and they allow different opinions to exist simultaneously in philosophy and religion.

The individualism/collectivism dimension measures whether a society as a whole is concerned with the interests of the individual or of the collective.Individualist societies tend to care about themselves and small families, while collectivist societies tend to care about inter-ethnic relationships and extended family relationships, which give people continuous protection, while individuals must be absolutely loyal to the ethnic group.

The dimensions of masculinity and femininity mainly depend on whether a society represents male qualities such as competition and arbitrariness, or female qualities such as modesty, caring for others, and defining male and female functions.The larger the masculinity index, the more masculine the society is, the more masculine the society is, and the more feminine the society is.

Women and men themselves are the embodiment of sensibility and reason, but they also share the same characteristics.In fact, there are more female-themed families in China and more male-themed workplaces in China.It took a long time for the word full-time mom to have a full-time dad.From the ancient feudal thought, women are to take care of the family, but with the development of the times civilization, that is, the so-called variables, can gradually have a full-time father.It can be said that in the new generation of women's minds, occupation is more important than family.In Korea, where marriage and childbirth rates are very low, girls have always been very focused on work, and the ratio of men to women in the workplace is relatively average, but it is still men who climb more easily. 

The long-term orientation and short-term orientation dimensions refer to the degree to which members of a culture can accept the delay in satisfying their material, emotional, and social needs.This dimension shows the extent to which moral life is desirable without any religion to justify it.The long-term orientation index has a strong relationship with the economic growth of various countries.As East Asia's economy advanced rapidly in the late 20th century, scholars believe that long-term orientation is one of the main reasons for promoting development.

In China, long-term orientation seems to be more focused, long-term thinking seems to have been engraved in the bones of the Chinese people, but with economic material changes, it seems to find more and more happiness living in the present.In Korea, I prefer short-term destinations.

The self-indulgence and restraint dimension refers to the degree to which a society allows people's basic needs and desire to enjoy life.The larger the value of Indulgence, the less self-restraint the society as a whole, and the more self-indulgence the society allows, the less self-restraint people have.-This is the latest added dimension. 

Indulgence and restraint are antonyms, such as in countries where there is plenty of food, and in countries where there is less obesity, maintaining national order is not highly valued.Of course, it's not that indulgent countries have no positive side, such as his greater likelihood of positive sunshine, which leads to a relatively low rate of mental illness, and vice versa.These are variables between countries.